EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT: An Investment Worth Making

Today, management within many maintenance organizations view their workforce as “resources” that provide the hands necessary to perform a function or to complete a task. In most instances, the use of these workers as resources has been well planned in order to obtain the maximum results, while little consideration has been given to the needs of the whole person. This perception of workers has only increased the division between management and staff (salary and hourly) personnel. It also tends to place less thought or consideration on the motivation of the workers.

Development of workers must be considered and emphasized from the moment of initial employment. Attention must be placed on those areas that will prepare and motivate the worker to excel. This may include a better application of the skills and talents possessed by the individual or the assignment of additional responsibilities based on the individual’s technical skills. Assigning tasks of lesser capabilities and little, if any, responsibility will soon lead to poor quality of workmanship and job dissatisfaction.

Each organization should currently possess or create a vision statement for the development of their workers. This statement should plainly state how the organization will support the continuous improvement of its workforce at the group as well as the individual level. The vision may include areas such as rewards and recognition for performance and the treatment of workers as individuals, with respect, and with dignity. Workers should be viewed as both teachers and students and should be given the freedom to act on their own (within company and management constraints).

Development Challenges
A typical maintenance workforce is made up of highly skilled individuals. These workers (who have completed an organizational apprenticeship program and gained working experience with the equipment) represent a significant monetary investment by the company. This fact should force the organization to look upon the worker as a valuable asset, just as they normally consider a piece of equipment as a valuable asset. The worker too must be respected and continuously improved.

Studies have shown that many workers are assigned tasks that require limited skills or involvement, even though the worker potential for improvement may be somewhat greater. These studies indicate that many workers spend less than one-fourth of their time performing work compatible with their skills and capabilities. This type of management behavior soon leads to unmotivated workers who do not strive for additional responsibility or greater involvement in the organization.

Development Opportunities
Motivation of the maintenance worker must be the forethought of each manager. The worker should be developed steadily throughout their career so that the assigned work is interesting and challenging. They should always be provided with a sense of achievement. The manager should plan to develop the worker in both their skills and in their responsibilities. Skills development may begin with acceptance into an apprenticeship program or by training to be a “multi-craft” worker. As the worker’s skill level increases, their level of responsibility should also increase. This may begin with the requirement to inspect and report on one’s own work and progress to instructing other in the performance of the tasks.

Workers must be hired and retained to meet the structural, process and production needs of the organization. To accomplish this, the organization must develop and conduct training based upon the industry, the processes used in production, the equipment in use (production and maintenance) and the maintenance and technical skills required to achieve the established efficiency and production level requirements. Many apprenticeship programs will provide the training required to acquire the necessary technical skills, but must be modified to include the requirements of the specific organization. Training, which would provide for personal development, should also be considered, even though the subject matter may not be technically related. Also, the training program should provide for the development of the skilled, experienced worker into the position of trainer, transferring their skills and experiences to other workers or other work groups.

Development Structure
During the development of the worker, the views or perceptions of the workers must be considered and monitored. Once selected for training, the individual may be placed in a position in which they are not comfortable and/or willing to accept. This may include the recognition placed upon them due to their selection, the increased exposure brought on by the training, the movement from centralized to decentralized decision making, or becoming a group leader vice a group member. Each worker must be observed during his or her development to ensure that any situation that may “derail” the process is addressed and a remedy is found as early as possible.

The environment in which the development of the worker occurs will have a large effect on the outcome. This development process should be viewed as a reeducation process for the individual. Trends and habits, which have been practiced for years, will be altered. An environment must be presented which is conducive to learning and to help change the attitudes of the workforce as it relates to training. This does not mean that only the proper physical environment must be present. The proper mental environment will be just as, if not more, important. A healthy training environment will allow for: raising the skill levels of the workers, raising the workers confidence, raising the workers responsibility and authority levels, developing team building traits, developing a positive attitude, and demonstrating technical achievements.

It should be noted that there is not one development program will fit every organization or every individual. Each organization due to size, product, or internal and external factors, must create its own unique program. Areas which should be considered during this creation include: the length and depth of training required by each individual, the expectations upon completion of the training, subject matter to be taught, “pay-for-skills” expectations, levels of recognitions (local or higher), provisions for individuals who cannot or do not complete the training, and the pace of the training (time-frame). The one area that will have most effect on the outcome of the development plan is the individual himself or herself. Some may see the training pace as too slow and become bored and uninterested. Others may see it as too fast paced and become anxious about their ability to keep-up. Some may find the subject matter too difficult to comprehend, while others will find it too basic or elementary. Alternative methods of training must be considered in order to continuously motivate the individuals.

Development Approach
The reason for the development of workers should be to create a trained and motivated workforce that can and desires to contribute to the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. When workers are given responsibility, freedom to make decisions, and the power to carry through on their actions, they will be eager to contribute. When they are treated with respect and dignity, they will become more motivated to participate in organizational improvement activities. The areas that should be included in the workers development plan to increase this motivation should be extended from the shop floor up toward management and from management downward toward the workforce. As the skills and capabilities of the workers continue to improve, the development plan, like the workers, should be under a continuous improvement process. This will ensure that the plan remain an effective tool in the development of the workforce.

The Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) process should be applied to develop a technical training program for the organization. The Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) process includes five phases to create and implement an effective employee development program.

The five phases are:

(1) Analyze the scope of training required by conducting a job/tasks analysis;
(2) Design the training program based on the analysis;
(3) Develop the training materials;
(4) Implement the training program;
(5) Evaluate the program results. This systematic approach is designed such that each phase is dependent upon the other to identify program improvements, monitor and evaluate performance and optimize results.

The requirements placed on an organization to remain competitive demands employees that are skilled and dedicated. The established training program must be designed so as to effectively develop the skills and knowledge necessary for effective job performance. When the Systematic Approach to Training (SAT) process is properly applied, the result is a dynamic training program.